آثار الأتراك_التركمان في الميدان الاجتماعي والعمراني.

الملخص

Studying civilizational fields during the Middle Ages is one of the most difficult studies a researcher in medieval history can undertake, due to the scarcity of sources that discuss society and social life. This is coupled with a focus on political and military events and epics, neglecting other aspects of human life. Ancient historians were not very interested in the development of the social conditions and economic situations of peoples. If by chance a historian did write about such matters, it was usually due to the prevalence of that situation and its dominance over political and military aspects. Sources discussing rural areas and social life, which were neglected in previous periods, began to appear starting from the Mamluk era, but incompletely. Islamic sources began to adopt a cognitive approach that addresses all aspects of human activities and various fields of life, though with a greater inclination towards political and military fields.

Studying identity and demography in Arab and Levantine countries is considered a difficult task for researchers, due to the multiplicity of ethnicities and sects that have inhabited and continue to inhabit these lands. Additionally, there is a lack of reliable and important documents that provide accurate information, which is often semi-estimative. The reason for this goes back to the perspective of Western thinkers on Islamic history, who see it only as a military era dominated by conflict over kingship, which was reflected in all branches of life. A reader of Orientalist research will find the Eastern world depicted as lands emptied by rulers of all signs of life due to the repressive policies they adopted.

In this research, I will attempt to explain the characteristics and social and national qualities that distinguished and made the Turks and Turkmens famous, while noting the scarcity of information about the customs and traditions of the ancient Turks, which is important for research. It must be said that the lands inhabited by Turkish peoples have left an impact on their moral and physical constitution, as they became masters of ancient civilizations, whether among Arabs or others. They also integrated into those civilizations and became part of them.